The contribution of the UK cement industry was recognised by the Government Chief Scientific Adviser in the report: From waste to resource productivity. UK cement manufacturers have made significant investments to waste materials at the end of their useful life and by-products from other industries. In this way, the cement sector provides local, high added value opportunities for waste materials and restarts the value chain for these materials. As cement is mainly used in concrete, UK manufacturing delivers long lived, durable and 100% recyclable products. In addition, waste heat is recovered within the manufacturing process, and there are high levels of recycling of cooling water, with water lost through evaporation replaced by water harvested from rainfall, sourced from external waste water, and, when necessary, abstracted.